Yellow and Red Cards

A referee shows a yellow card
A yellow card means a caution.
Make the call

A defender (not the goalkeeper) stops a goal-bound shot with his hand on the goal line. What is your call?

Today a yellow or red card is understood by every player and fan in the world, whatever language they speak. But until 1970, referees had no cards at all. They cautioned and sent off players with words alone.

A problem at the 1966 World Cup

At the 1966 World Cup in England, a quarter-final between England and Argentina caused confusion. The German referee sent off Argentina’s captain, but the player did not understand and stayed on the pitch for several minutes. Some English players only learned from the newspapers that they had been cautioned too.

An idea at a traffic light

Ken Aston, an English referee who was in charge of the tournament’s referees, was driving home from Wembley afterwards. While he waited at a traffic light on Kensington High Street, he had his idea: yellow means “take care”, red means “stop, you are off”. The cards were introduced at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico.

A referee shows a red card
A red card means the player must leave the field.

The first red

No red card was shown at the 1970 tournament. The first red card at a World Cup came in 1974, for Chile’s Carlos Caszely in a match against West Germany. Today two yellow cards in the same match also lead to a red card.

Rule card

Idea byKen Aston, England

Inspired byTraffic lights

First World Cup with cards1970, Mexico

First World Cup red card1974

Two yellowsEqual one red card

Referees cautioned and sent off players with words only, which could cause confusion between languages.